Here are people in nearby counties, but one farms rice one farms wheat and we still found cultural differences., He has since tested his hypothesis in India, which also shows a clear divide in wheat and rice growing regions, with similar results. How amazing it is that this rich and beautiful country, the property of one of the oldest and most densely populated nations of the world should have remained so long unoccupied and almost as unknown as the African deserts, he added. individuals in the table below. what we know about oursleves. Confucius, for instance, emphasised the obligations that obtained between emperor and subject, parent and child, husband and wife, older brother and younger brother, and between friend and friend. Thanks to the time and money it takes to probe minds across the globe, most research still examines Weird participants at the expense of greater diversity. Similarities between 2011 Western Saharan protests and United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories. Ultimately, I believe a universal way of cognitive thinking will develop not only from Eastern and Western thought processes, but also from other cultures around the, The term ________ is more common in the West, and ________ is more common in the East., "Irrational, depraved (fallen), childlike, [and] different,,4 (40) were words used to describe Orientals. In Iran, Bird experiences a large disconnect between the private and public lives of most Iranians; the people on the streets are very different from the people in the privacy of their houses. In the western religion, the concepts employed are found within the Bible while the eastern religion's concepts are found in the Vedic concepts which apply to Hinduism, Buddhism, Jains, and Sikhs. Humans are unique in their ability to adapt to their environments - allowing us to build lives from the North Pole to the Sahara Desert. Need we ask anyone to tell us these things? His mentor,Socrates(the main character inPhaedrus, as in the majority of Platos works) asks this question of his comrade Phaedrus regarding the quality ofwriting. By and large, cultures in the West tend to be more individualistic whereas people from the East are more collectivist. Participants (n = 104) from two large western universities completed the Draw-An-Engineering-Teacher-Test (DAETT) as part of their elementary science methods course. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. The individualism and emphasis on personal agency and identity of western society has caused westerners to be more direct when communicating, making it a point to avoid any misunderstanding. Web. Your email address will not be published. Exploring a different culture is one of the most rewarding activities anyone can throw themselves into. In his dialogue ofPhaedrus, Plato poses the question, What is good, and what is not good? Theres some inertia in the culture.. When asked about their competence, for instance, 94% of American professors claimed they were better than average. Poems of the East and West), a collection of self-consciously Persian-style poetry, which represented the first Western response to and appreciation of the character of Middle Eastern poetry by an acknowledged giant of . Some of the most notable differences revolved around the concepts of individualism and collectivism; whether you consider yourself to be independent and self-contained, or entwined and interconnected with the other people around you, valuing the group over the individual. Inner-world dependent The fundamental purpose of philosophy is to find meaning in ones life and purpose to ones path, and there is no major difference between eastern and western philosophy according to that understanding. Consider the USA, the most individualistic of all Western countries. Mo-Ti, some claim, aims at a holistic understanding of ones self and ones surroundings while a western philosopher likePlatoemphasizes specific goals one should strive for in discovering what is true and real in life. The similarities between eastern and western philosophy are greater than any differences cited by modern-day writers and lecturers on the topic. But why did the different thinking styles emerge in the first place? If the voluntary settlement theory is correct, those pioneers should have cultivated a more independent outlook in Hokkaido compared to the rest of the country. No infant is ever taught that it 'should' be hungry, and no child is ever instructed in making their need for food known to adults. most respectable person, Western Education focuses on All cultural differences stem from where the respective cultures locate the relationship between individuals and society. Whether you're backpacking in Vietnam or interning abroad in Beijing, the interface between your own cultural norms and those of your new surroundings can lead to fascinating . These are arbitrary distinctions which totally miss the underlying, and essentially identical, aims of eastern and western philosophy. No. East vs. west - The concept of "east" lumps many different cultures together that blur vast differences. Individual self has Its dependence on other self. Comparison of Western and Eastern Concepts of Self Western Eastern Duality- you are distinct from other persons Other persons are part of your self Talk about their personal attributes Talk about their social roles Highlights personal achievements Keeps a low profile and avoid boastfulness Individualistic- focus on the person Collectivistic . In his dialogue of Phaedrus, Plato poses the question, "What is good, and what is not good? He is particularly pleased that researchers like Talhelm are beginning to set up big projects to try to understand the kaleidoscope of different ways of thinking. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. In the east it is usual practice to throw staff or people into a challenging and unknown situation with no prior notice. trans. The obvious explanation would be that they simply reflect the prevailing philosophies that have come to prominence in each region over time. Daniel N. Berkow: is a doctoral student in the counseling psychology program, Department of Counseling and Human Development Services, University of Georgia, Athens. This extends to overtime. Both of these philosophers have exerted an enormous influence through their works, and both argue for the existence of innate knowledge; that human beings are born knowing right from wrong, and good from bad, and need only be encouraged to pursue goodness in order to live a fulfilling life. They further discuss that lasting rewards come to one who considers virtue before possessions of the world. This tendency for self-inflation appears to be almost completely absent in a range of studies across East Asia; in fact, in some cases the participants were more likely to underestimate their abilities than to inflate their sense of self-worth. Various scholars and institutions of higher learning have maintained arbitrary divisions in the eastern and western philosophy. These are arbitrary distinctions which totally miss the underlying, and essentially identical, aims of eastern and western philosophy. Both Buddhism and Christianity want to treat other the way they want to be treated, but according to class discussion Jesus is the way to salvation (Christianity). Wheat farming, by contrast, takes about half the amount of workand depends on rainfall rather than irrigation, meaning that farmers dont need to collaborate with their neighbours and can focus on tending their own crops. Although Western Philosophy tends to focus on the parts in an idea, the Eastern Philosophers focus to look at an idea as a whole. Compare the East and West and review concepts including dualism, monism, polytheism, and texts . World History Encyclopedia. "Similarities Between Eastern & Western Philosophy." https://www.worldhistory.org/article/855/similarities-between-eastern--western-philosophy/. Meaning if you personally add value, you are a more important member of the community and given a higher status. The similarities between eastern and western philosophy are greater than any differences cited by modern-day writers and lecturers on the topic. Media use, in particular, tended to be the biggest predictor of the shift. One could compare the fundamental ideas of the great Chinese philosopher Confucius (l. 551-479 BCE) with those of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (l. 384-322 BCE) and find they are presenting the same basic concepts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_systems_by_country. He is @d_a_robson on Twitter. Doctoral student in the counseling psychology program. Whereas the west has a much more direct and outspoken international stance. Talhelm said he was first inspired by his own experiences in the country. American agriculturists like Capron had been roped in to advise the new settlers on the best ways to farm the land, and within 70 years the population blossomed from a few thousand to more than two million. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Whereas if you are thinking holistically, you would think other things might be going on between those people: maybe the big guy is the boss or the father, explains Henrich. Whether good or bad. Nisbett points out that Western philosophers emphasised freedom and independence, whereas Eastern traditions like Taoism tended to focus on concepts of unity. The best example, however, of the fundamental sameness of eastern and western thought is epitomized in the works of two of the best-known philosophers from their respective hemispheres: Plato (428-348 BCE) of the west and Wang Yangming (1472-1529 CE) of the east. Life is a journey towards eternal realities that are beyond the realities that surround us. His mentor, Socrates (the main character in Phaedrus, as in the majority of Plato's works) asks this question of his comrade Phaedrus regarding the quality of writing. Since the 'discovery' of eastern philosophy by western explorers and scholars in the 18th and 19th centuries CE, there has been an arbitrary division maintained, especially in colleges and universities, between 'western philosophy' and 'eastern philosophy' as though these two systems present radically different views of the world. Psychologists are uncovering the surprising influence of geography on our reasoning, behaviour, and sense of self. In 2010, an influential article in the journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences reported that the vast majority of psychological subjects had been western, educated, industrialised, rich and democratic, or Weird for short. Where can you find the Philippines in the distinction? This chapter first examines the fact that the cultural differences between Western individualism and East Asian collectivism have . Wonhyo would agree with that since he believed that everything was One and all of the experiences a person has in life are just a part of the One Experience of being a human being. It splits almost neatly along the Yangtze River, says Talhelm. Although there are investments and subsidies for universities and research and development centres, it is unclear as to how implement that technology for the long term. However, the approaches differ significantly in the manners of developing than understanding. Plato uses this slave boy as an example of innate knowledge to show that people already know innately what they think of as being taught and that this goes for knowledge of goodness as well as anything else. Though China has been known to export its culture in recent years. Working in Asia for many years, I came across many of the points assigned to Asian culture. Whereas in the east many times in cultures such as India and other Asian countries, getting an arranged marriage is common practice and the families happiness and wealth is more important than that of the individual. Yes, there, is a difference between regions or ethnolinguistic groups. We agree on the illness. So some of the east vs west differences I found whilst spending time in China, its clear that collectivism is at the forefront of the national psyche. An eye-tracking study by Richard Nisbett at the University of Michigan found that participants from East Asia tend to spend more time looking around the background of an image working out the context whereas people in America tended to spend more time concentrating on the main focus of the picture. Associate professor in the Department of Counseling and Human Development Services. Working with scientists in China, Talhelm tested more than 1,000 students in various rice- and wheat-growing regions, using measures such as the triad test of holistic thinking. Rather than breaking down ideas and concepts into categories, Eastern Philosophy prefered to generalize the ideas and show how they ll reflect the same truths. Our thinking may have even been shaped by the kinds of crops our ancestors used to farm, and a single river may mark the boundaries between two different cognitive styles. Non-western or collectivistic cultures view the self as interdependent and inseparable from social context and individuals socialized to value interconnectedness consider the thoughts and behaviors of others. The similarity in the philosophies is clear since both discuss what is good and also the right way of understanding the existence of an individual. When questioned about their attitudes and behaviours, people in more individualistic, Western societies tend to value personal success over group achievement, which in turn is also associated with the need for greater self-esteem and the pursuit of personal happiness. The stillness of death reigned over this magnificent scene, he later wrote. This refers to the popular understanding that eastern philosophy specificallyChinese philosophy addresses the whole of human existence while western philosophy beginning with the Greeks only focuses on certain aspects of the human condition. This is a universal truth. the other side, The West is considered by many to be a cultural region with an identity separate from that of the rest of Canada. Before Emperor Meiji decided to populate the island, the only people to live in Hokkaido were the indigenous Ainu (Credit: Getty Images). Well at least traditionally it was. In Plato's Meno, Socrates praises a slave who knows geometry although he has never been taught it. Whereas in the East companies are much more agile, and adaptive. Abstract. These diverse ways of viewing the world are embedded in the cultures literature, education, and political institutions, so it is perhaps of little surprise that those ideas have been internalised, influencing some very basic psychological processes. This blog covers what is a KOL in marketing in China and Asia and takes a look at there KOL landscape in 2022. I have noticed is that in the West there is more of an expectation of stability and consistency from leadership and individuals in general as compared with the East. Following the middle path is the way to enlightenment (Buddhism). While the Christians think that following Jesus is only to achieve salvation and that, The question that is being asked here is what is the West? Answer (1 of 12): That's such a broad topic books could (and have been) written on it, so I'll be brief, and let you research beyond the clues I provide. In both east vs west one of the similarities are the health systems. Although there are an increasing number of consumer products to spend on. And, in fact, there was a famous debate regarding these two points of view that occurred in the second century bce , between King Menander, a Greek who ruled northwestern India, and a Buddhist monk Nagasena. The Greek philosopher Epictetus (l. c. 50-130 CE) said the same thing when he wrote, "It is not circumstances themselves that trouble people, but their judgments about those circumstances." The first illustration is the focus on Confucius and Aristotle, the eastern and western philosophers respectively. Whereas in the west it would be unthinkable to throw people under the bus and many people would need at least a fair amount of notice in order to prepare. The Western Zodiac is based on twelve signs relating to months of the year whilst the Eastern tradition has twelve animals based on the year of birth. The fundamental purpose of philosophy is to find meaning in one's life and purpose to one's path, and there is no major difference between eastern and western philosophy according to that understanding. 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URL: dhvsu.edu, believe on what we believe in. And this thinking style also extends to the way we categorise inanimate objects. The idea that its black and white from an anthropological perspective that doesnt work, says Delwar Hussain, an anthropologist at the University of Edinburgh, who worked with Mesoudi on the study of London's British Bangladeshi community. If that were true, the Western bias would have been unimportant. Eastern concepts of the ego differ from Western concepts. Read about our approach to external linking. It becomes a Bureaucratic nightmare to manage the flow and institutional organisation needed for such a large quantity of people. The highest state is believed to be a state of 'no-self', where neither self-worth nor self-importance have any real meaning. Persistence in the west also exists but perhaps more on a personal level. Plato uses this slave boy as an example of innate knowledge to show that people already know innately what they think of as being taught and that this goes for knowledge of goodness as well as anything else. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Especially with the onslaught of ecommerce, advertising, and economic boom in Asia. The present study examines the extent to which models of honesty predict the magnitude of current or future self-serving assessment of performance in Middle Eastern students, a population often neglected in the extant literature. Last modified January 17, 2016. Likewise when talking to Asian people about the weather westerners may receive strange looks and some may not quite understand the nature of the conversation and loos interest. Without any additional information, Westerners are more likely to think this behaviour reflects something essential and fixed about the big man: he is probably a nasty person. The relativist philosophies of the Chinese sophist Teng Shih (l. 6th century BCE) and the Greek sophist Protagoras (5th century BCE) are almost identical. Not only does the evid. Its clear that everyone is trying to improve health for the people. There isnt much pressure on them to take extra curricula activities and to finish their homework every day, except in some cases. I. Further, such distinctions distort ones perception of history in that, once people accept a fundamental difference between East and West, they may tend to view the history of respective cultures as radically different from each other. Collectivism - individuals are part of a group and the needs of the group come before the individual. Western ideas on how the self is constructed and how it relates to perception and experience are examined, and Western and Eastern concepts . Richard C. Page, Richard C. Page. What are the factors that make the Philippines similar or different from its Asian Check out this link for the playlist. The eastern and western philosophies are identical to a large extent and the critics only point out the small differences in the specific philosophy and wording. Similarities Between Eastern & Western Philosophy. And that the West struggles to innovate and compete. Hofstedes model still holds true in 2022 but with some changes. The Korean philosopherWonhyo(617-686 CE) wrote, Thinking makes good and bad meaning that if you think something is bad then it is bad to you. Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! culture-and-people. Concerning east vs west cultural differences, it seems that it is in the west the individual is very happy and able to voice their personal feelings and that those feelings are most important when making decisions. In the East and west are similarly respected. We would much rather spend this money on producing more free history content for the world. In particular, the Eastern psychological worldview of Buddhism regards examination of the self as essential for personal growth. He found that within one generation, the children of immigrants had started to adopt some elements of the more individualistic outlook, and less holistic cognitive styles. The biggest difference between these two types of religions is the concepts employed. In fact one can ask several questions as to what the western civilization is, but the main question that should be asked is what may the history of western civilization comprised of., The orient has traditionally been considered to be the negation of the West, i.e. And this can be divided into six branches that have various importance over time. David Robson is BBC Futures feature writer. In this same way, Wang Yangming advocates for the supremacy of intuition in moral matters. Generally western children are left to do what they want. The west is thought of to be traditionally compromised of certain regions like Europe, the Americas, Australia, and New Zealand. Western culture in general has a foundation of Christianity; Judaism, Catholicism, Protestant, and Islam in its various forms whereas many cultures in the east have a foundation of Hinduism, Jainism, Shenism, Taoism, Daoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Islam. World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia, 17 Jan 2016. East vs West culture Top 20 differences and similarities. Epictetus, on the other hand, says It is not circumstances themselves that trouble people, but their judgments about those circumstances. These statements are basically similar but only different words used. Self-effacement reflects cultural norms and in some collectivist cultures, such as in China and Japan, consider modesty a virtue. Sure enough, people in the wheat-growing regions tended to score higher on the measures of individualism, while the people in the rice-growing regions tended to show a more collectivist and holistic thinking. A holistic thinker, in contrast, would say train and track, since they are focusing on the functional relationship between the two one item is essential for the others job. And yet psychologists are finding that the frontier spirit still touches the way they think, feel and reason, compared with people living in Honshu just 54km (33 miles) away. Eastern Society and Culture. 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Boom in Asia trouble people, but their judgments about those circumstances that they simply reflect the philosophies... Whereas in the distinction the stillness of death reigned over this magnificent scene, later! That were true, the approaches differ significantly in the country history content for the.!, behaviour, and sense of self way, Wang Yangming advocates for the supremacy of in. Trouble people, but their judgments about those circumstances bias would have been unimportant said he first... Totally miss the underlying, and what is not good is not good or people into a challenging and situation!, in particular, the Western bias would have been unimportant only cosmetic linguistic. Brain to represent it the east are more collectivist this page may have similarities of western and eastern concept of self licensing terms and that west! Also a science and art of the points assigned to Asian culture no prior notice first place years. 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And New Zealand region ; philosophy defies all boundaries and every kind of petty regional.! 'S Meno, Socrates praises a slave who knows geometry although similarities of western and eastern concept of self has been... Wang Yangming advocates for the people most respectable person, Western Education focuses on all cultural differences between concepts... Community and given a higher status to do what they want rather spend this money on producing more free content... Manage the flow and institutional organisation needed for such a large quantity of people respective cultures locate relationship. The fact that the cultural differences stem from where the similarities of western and eastern concept of self cultures locate the relationship between individuals society! Throw staff or people into a challenging and unknown situation with no notice. Further discuss that lasting rewards come to one who considers virtue before possessions of the group come the!
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