[2], The family moved to Cambusbarron, Stirling, in 1900, when the children were still young, after Grierson's father was appointed headmaster of Cambusbarron school. In his review of Robert Flaherty's film Moana (1926) in the New York Sun (8 February 1926), Grierson wrote that it had 'documentary' value. "Flaherty as Innovator," in Grierson studied the pioneering work of Dziga Vertov (Kino Pravda 1922) who made reality-based Soviet propaganda films to stir mass support for the new communist order. Cinema John Grierson, film producer (born 26 April 1898 in Deanston, Scotland; died 19 February 1972 in Bath, England). https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Grierson, Turner Classic Movies - Biography of John Grierson, University of Glasgow - Biography of John Grierson, Undiscovered Scotland - Biography of John Grierson, The Canadian Encyclopedia - Biography of John Grierson, John Grierson - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [2] On 23 June 1948, he accepted an honorary degree, an LL.D from the University of Glasgow. Formation of Canadian Film Culture in the 1930s," in Alberto Cavalcanti joined the group shortly after it [2], In December 1943 Grierson was elected by the Permanent Film Committee of the National Council for Canadian-Soviet Friendship to become honorary chairman. Download 75-page Term Paper on "John Grierson the Documentary Film Developed Alongside" (2023) developed alongside the narrative film, though largely during the sound era. Spectator purposes and developed an extraordinary loyalty to him and to his goals. 30, no. Phase one included some of the most innovative, In 1933 the EMB Film Unit was disbanded, a casualty of Depression-era economics. As a producer he was responsible to one extent or 193945; Co-coordinator of Mass Media at UNESCO, 1947; Controller, From Historica Canada. This film initiated the documentary movement in Britain. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. He was one of the first to see the potential of motion pictures to shape peoples attitudes toward life and to urge the use of films for educational purposes. Sight and Sound See also related digitized artefacts and memorabilia. When he headed the film department of the British General Post Office Grierson enlisted poet W.H. EMB dissolved and its Film unit transferred to GPO, 1933; resigned from Just as Orson Welles pushed cinematic boundaries in the way Hollywood stories were told, so John Grierson brought ground-breaking innovations to non-fiction storytelling deployed and enjoyed by documentary filmmakers 90 years later: actuality footage to tell a dramatic story, the documentary interview, post-sync audio (looping) and multi-layered sound design were foundational production elements introduced on Griersons watch. (Montreal), May 1972. [2] Ruby Grierson had managed to enter Lifeboat 8, full with more than thirty people, including eighteen girls and two female escorts, but as it was lowering, a wave crashed into the lifeboat, sending it into a vertical position, and throwing everyone in that boat into the sea. in 1929, a short feature about herring fishing in the North Sea. John Grierson, a Scottish educator who had studied mass communication in the United States, adapted the term in the mid . [2] Before he finished with the Wartime Information Bureau Grierson was also offered the role of chairman of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation but turned it down as he believed that this would give him too much power. In late 1929 Grierson and his cameraman, Basil Emmott completed his first film, Drifters, which he wrote, produced and directed. Perhaps the most significant works produced during this time were Housing Problems (dir. (Berkeley), Fall 1972. John Grierson was born on 26 April 1898 in Kilmadock, Stirlingshire, Scotland, UK. Stephen Tallents, London, 1927; produced and directed 0 Answers/Comments. In Drifters Griersons probing lens captures the stoic endurance of herring fishermen going about their work in harsh conditions on dangerous high seas. When John Grierson originated the term "documentary" as a reference to Robert Flaherty's Moana in a 1926 New York Sun review, he could not have anticipated the ambiguity the term would create. Grierson also respected the sweeping epics Hollywood was making and he dreamed about the possibilities of harnessing the power and emotion of screen drama for the public good. He was soon almost forgotten in Canada. , January 1946. You could argue that the first films ever made were, in fact, documentaries. Like many social critics of the time, Grierson was profoundly concerned about what he perceived to be clear threats to democracy. The National Film Board has become recognized around the world for producing quality films, some of which have won Academy Awards. [2] Grierson entered the University of Glasgow in 1916;[4] however, he was unhappy that his efforts to help in World War I were only through his work at the munitions. Griersons project boiled down to this: for a social democracy to work you need informed citizens to make informed choices. Request Permissions, Journal of the University Film Association, Published By: University of Illinois Press. [2], Both parents steeped their son in liberal politics, humanistic ideals, and Calvinist moral and religious philosophies, particularly that education was essential to individual freedom and that hard and meaningful work was the way to prove oneself worthy in the sight of God. (London), April/June 1952. Less commendable in Grierson's view was Flaherty's focus on exotic and faraway cultures. John Grierson: Life, Contributions, Influence South Africa, all of which established national film boards. The narrator in the 1973 bio-pic, Grierson (National Film Board of Canada) solemnly reads: His ancestors were lighthouse keepers. [2], During this time Grierson had been diagnosed with tuberculosis in May 1953, he spent a fortnight in hospital and then had a year of convalescing at his home, Tog Hill in Calstone. Current issues are available through the Scholarly Publishing Collective. (pr); So This Is London Documentary," in [2] Recommendations for the future running were made for the National Film Board, and Grierson was persuaded to stay for a further six months to oversee the changes. John Grierson resigned in 1945 and was replaced by his deputy, Ross McLean, who faced considerable difficulties in the postwar years. Joint Executive Producer of Group 3, established by National Finance [2] The Private Life of Gannets was also filmed on the Isabella Greig; the film was shot on Grassholm with Grierson shooting the slow-motion sequence of the gannets diving for fish which took only one afternoon to shoot near Bass Rock in the Firth of Forth. This group formed the core of what was to become known as the British Documentary Film Movement. A second innovation, complementing the first, was A brilliant academic Grierson won a fellowship to the University of Chicago and was one of the first intellectuals to take motion pictures seriously. Grierson grieved the death of his sister Ruby in 1940; she was on the SS City of Benares while it was evacuating one hundred children to Canada. for other countries. One of the major functions of the EMB was publicity, which the Board accomplished through exhibits, posters, and publications and films. Telephone Workers (Paris), no. He imported , is one of them. Goetz, W., "The Canadian Wartime Documentary," in 193339," in Tallents, the Empire Marketing Board Film Unit instead of pursuing a (London), 23 August 1935. , and (treatment). (pr); [2] At the Edinburgh Film Festival in the same year, a dinner was held in Grierson's honour to celebrate twenty-five years of documentary. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions John Grierson Founder of the British documentary film movement Its leader for 40 years . tribunal and questioned about his one-time secretary who was connected to the spy ring. These filmmakers were mostly young, middle-class, educated males with liberal political views. (pr), Aero-Engine formal and technical experiments. Nightmail is a paradigm of propaganda so intertwined with art that the viewer experiences pleasure while absorbing the message (painlessly, effortlessly and probably even unconsciously), writes Jack C. Ellis in his critical history The Documentary Idea. [2] John and Anthony were enrolled at Cambusbarron school in November 1903. Between 1946 and 1948 he was director of mass communications for UNESCO and from 1948 to 1950 film controller for Britain's Central Office of Information. Cargo from Jamaica City symphonies - an impressionist approach to the modern city . Grierson's definition of documentary as "creative treatment of actuality" has gained some acceptance, though it presents philosophical questions about documentaries containing stagings and reenactments. Cinema Canada [2] In 1961, Grierson was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the Queen's Birthday Honours. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. "Prospect for Documentary," in Learn how and when to remove this template message, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Documentary_Film_Movement&oldid=934857783. first phase in Grierson's lifelong activity on behalf of Cox, K., "The Grierson Files," in Line to Tschierva Hut (Wright) (pr, co-sc); Expert answered|Jerrald@22|Points 14385| Log in for more information. John grierson made large epic films: FALSE. Studies in Documentary Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Winston, Brian, Grierson's emerging view of film was as a form of social and political communicationa mechanism for social reform, education, and perhaps spiritual uplift. follow, were expressed in major essays that have inspired many who have ). in the employ of a government or Herrick, D., "The Canadian Connection: John Grierson," in the interrelatedness of the modern world, and of our dependency on each "Grierson on Documentary: Last Interview," with Elizabeth Ellis, Jack C., "The Young Grierson in America," in The choice of topic was chosen less from Grierson's curiosity than the fact that he discovered that the Financial Secretary had made the herring industry his hobbyhorse. Interweaving archival footage, interviews with people who knew him and footage of Grierson himself, this film is a sensitive and informative portrait of a dynamic man of vision. (pr), BBC: The Voice of Britain [2] Grierson proposed that the Film Board show how the German prisoners of war were being treated in Canada through a film. Rotha, Paul, Film Festival, 1968. Claiming the Real: The Griersonian Documentary User: Alcohol in excess of ___ proof Weegy: Buck is losing his civilized characteristics. [2] He had the idea for the Unesco Courier which was published in several languages across the world, first as a tabloid and later as a magazine. The National Film Board had become one of the largest film studios and was respected around the world for what it had achieved; it had especially had influence in Czechoslovakia and China. Glasgow University, degree in philosophy, 1923. He was previously married to Margaret Grierson. 9, no. Following its success, Grierson established, with the full support of [2] Grierson was to learn at a later date that Hitler had indeed watched the film and ordered that the Canadian prisoners of war released from their manacles. Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey, John Taylor, and Grierson's sister Ruby Grierson, 1935). He was made an honorary member of the Association of Cinematograph, Television and Allied Technicians; he pressed for the ceremony to be held in Glasgow. Taylor pointed out that they did make full use of the large studio facilities Crown had In the panic of suspicion surrounding the infamous Gouzenko spy case in Canada, Grierson was brought before a secret (London), October 1954. Its also one early example of sound accompanying actuallity footage. In 1927, Grierson was made Films Officer to the Empire Marketing Board, a position he shared for a time with Walter Creighton. Line Cruising South MacGann, R.D., "Subsidy for the Screen: Grierson and Group During his Canadian years he moved beyond national concerns to global [2] Grierson went into hospital for a health check-up in January 1972; he was diagnosed with lung and liver cancer and was given months to live. He also lectured at Carleton University once a fortnight. Grierson himself was to later say, "Docu mentary is a clumsy description, but let it stand."1 Other film theorists such as Richard Barsam have Scottish. Unlike the earlier British documentaries, these films were journalistic (Watt) (pr); Housing Problems Deanston, Scotland, 18 April 1898. Nevertheless, Grierson did not believe Sight and Sound and Grierson's departure for Canada in 1939, the sixty or so [2] The head of the Motion Picture Bureau for Canada, Frank Bagdley, did not appreciate Grierson's assessment and criticism of the films made by the Bureau which was that they focused too much on Canada as a place to holiday. . Grierson was born in 1898 when going to the movies still meant going to a Kinetoscope parlour peeping into a flickering projection box; but screen projection technology, so important to Griersons social education enterprise, was just around the corner. [2], Grierson was appointed to the position of executive producer of Group 3 at the end of 1950; it was a film production enterprise that received loans of government money through the National Film Finance Corporation. He wished to use film to educate citizens in an understanding of democratic society. With the outbreak of war, Grierson would use film to instill confidence and pride in Canadians. Weather Forecast Grierson, meanwhile, carried his ideas Swann, P., "John Grierson and the G.P.O. 3, 1989. Film Unit, in relation to film, applying it to Robert Flaherty's Partner with us to reach an enthusiastic audience of students, enthusiasts and professional videographers and filmmakers. (Cavalcanti) (pr, ph); (pr); John Grierson: A Documentary Biography In his recruitment letter he had added a year to his age so that he could attend. March of Time Grierson's emphasis on realism had a profound long-term influence on Canadian film. During Grierson's administration, the GPO Film Unit produced a series of groundbreaking films, including Night Mail (dir. [2] On 23 January 1917, he became a telegraphist on the minesweeper H.M.S Surf and served there until 13 October 1917. Grierson respected Flaherty immensely for his contributions to documentary form and his attempts to use the camera to bring alive the lives of everyday people and everyday events. ), This page was last edited on 8 January 2020, at 22:07. "The Symphonic Film II," in (Abindon, Oxon), March 1983. [2] He had recovered enough to attend the Cannes Film Festival in April 1954, taking the production of Man of Africa. [1][6] The Colonized Eye: Rethinking the Grierson Legend It is a weapon in our hands to see and say what is good and right and beautiful." Updates? Nationalist Ideology in the South African Film Industry: The training at the EMB Film Unit and subsequently the General Post Office history, culture, arts, and natural history of the state and region. had grown into one of the world's largest film studios and was a model for similar institutions around the world. [2] Granton Trawler was a favourite film of Grierson's, he saw it as a homage to the Isabella Greig that was sunk in 1941 by German bombs when it went out to fish and was never seen again. [2] He left in 1950 due to financial restrictions on the documentaries that he wished to make. And we did."). He returned to England in 1928, and the next year the Empire Marketing Board Film Unit sponsored his first and only personally directed film, Drifters (1929), a study of the lives of North Sea herring fishermen. Rotha on Film University). that documentary film is a mere public report of the activities of daily life but a visual art that can convey a sense of beauty about the ordinary world. not, his central concern was always with communicating to people (of a (Cavalcanti) (pr); documentary film Table of Contents interest for a wider public. User: 3/4 16/9 Weegy: 3/4 ? would help them to lead more useful, productive, satisfying, and rewarding Film Movement [citation needed]. By the way, the film was produced by Standard Oil of New Jersey. Later he was an executive producer in Britain for television and motion pictures and acted as an adviser to makers of informational films. As the war came to a close, Grierson grew weary of Canadian bureaucrats and resigned. [2] After the Dieppe Raid, there were reports that Canadians that had been taken as prisoners of war had been manacled under Hitler's orders. Videomaker is always looking for talented, qualified writers. (co-pr); In Hollywood to study film, he befriended the American filmmaker Robert Flaherty, whose haunting film Nanook of the North celebrated the daily survival of an Inuit hunter. Film can be mobilized in the public service to give image and perspective to the national scene, is how he put it. Critical Quarterly The Smoke Menace impressive monument to Grierson's concepts and actions relating to During this time, Grierson was also involved in scrutinizing the film industries of other countries. Later he was an executive producer in Britain for television and motion pictures and acted as an adviser to makers of informational films. John Grierson was especially interested in the power of film to reveal the issues plaguing society and to provoke social change. He read and agreed with the journalist and political philosopher Walter Lippmann's book Public Opinion which blamed the erosion of democracy in part on the fact that the political and social complexities of contemporary society made it difficult if not impossible for the public to comprehend and respond to issues vital to the maintenance of democratic society. Ham Wright directed the film showing the German sailors that had been captured; playing football, enjoying meals and looking healthy. Cinema Canada (exec pr); John Grierson's 'minor manifesto of beliefs', 'First principles of documentary' (1932-34), is one such text, 2 a short work that John Corner describes as the foundational text of documentary theory. possible solutions. It was during this time that Grierson developed a conviction that motion pictures could play a central role in promoting this process. political positions (and in any case did not relate directly to the Sussex, in , London, 1990. (exec pr); Enter John Grierson. Journal (exec pr); [2] Grierson was appointed the first Commissioner of the National Film Board in October 1939. lovely, and lasting of the British documentaries: are currently supervised by The Grierson Trust. Take One Acland, C.R., "National Dreams, International Encounters: The Also according to his wishes, his urn was placed in the sea off the Old Head in Kinsale, and his brother Anthony, who had died in August 1971, had his ashes placed at the same time. , New York, 1978. (+ sc), Conquest If you dramatize things, if you presented them in dramatic form, brought them alive as distinct from giving information you might find a way of illuminating the modern world, says Grierson. John Grierson (1898-1972) is probably Scotland's most important filmmaker. Cinmaction (London), Summer 1972. Yet they incorporated Basil Wright) which was sponsored jointly by the Ceylon Tea Propaganda Bureau and the EMB. are shown to people in the other parts, and if a government service is (pr); Introducing the Dial (Wright) (pr), The Londoners "One Hundred Percent Cinema," in The Press is a founding member of the Association of University Presses. The film was shown from 9 December 1929, in the Stoll in Kingsway and then was later screened throughout Britain.[2]. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. A "Professional Notes" section informs Society for Cinema and Media Studies members about upcoming events, research opportunities, and the latest published research. (North York, Ontario), vol. John Grierson, 1968 It will be eighty years next week, 10 November 1929, that John Grierson's Drifters had its premier in the old Tivoli Theatre in the Strand. As a theoretician he articulated the problems needed to be solved, and suggestions about their causes and British actor, director, writer, and composer, British actor, director, writer, and producer. His ancestors were lighthouse keepers and his father was a school teacher. Hood, Stuart, 'John Grierson and the documentary film movement', in James Curran and Vincent Porter (eds. The result was Night Mail (1936) a message film about the dedication and efficiency of the postal service. basis of the documentary film, its form and function, its aesthetic and Ellis, Jack C., Commissioner of Canada, helped establish National Film Board of Canada, [2] This Wonderful World was shown weekly, other topics for episodes included Leonardo da Vinci, ballet, King Penguins and Norman McLaren's Boogie Doodle. was the first to use the word Cinema Journal (pr); , Toronto, 1988. The Saving of Bill Blewett [11] A few days earlier on 4 July 1969, Grierson had opened the Scottish Fisheries Museum in Anstruther. Grierson on Documentary By 1937, the movement was spread across four different production units: GPO, Shell (headed by Anstey), Strand (headed by Rotha) and Realist (led by Wright). "The BBC and All That," in (London), October/December 1951. ," in This idea arose in Great Britain and spread to the United States. other, will develop and everyone will want to contribute his or her share Cinma Qubec John Grierson, the Scottish film pioneer who turned government film bureaucrat when he was asked to institute the National Film Board of Canada in 1939, is credited with coining the word "documentary." Grierson's definition of the form still holds up today. Grierson had coined the term "documentary." . Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. , for example, presaging the much later cinma vrit (pr); The New Operator Film Quarterly His ancestors were lighthouse keepers and his father was a school teacher. the use of film by governments in communicating with their citizens. (pr); There was talk that a quota system could . Hollwood westerns - epic poems for a new nation 4. He died on 19 February 1972 in Bath, Somerset, England, UK. The orbit of John Griersons legacy touches almost everything we know about documentary. In 1934 he produced at the GPO Film Unit the award-winning The Song of Ceylon (dir. Documentaries have been made in one form or another in nearly every country and have contributed significantly to the development of realism in films. April 1954, taking the production of Man of Africa Surf and served there until October... Middle-Class, educated males with liberal political views grown into one of the,... 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