Like Task Force-116, the MRF employed modified LSTs (and similar vessels) as mobile bases. 1967 alone, enemy fire destroyed thirteen 10,000-gallon fuel storage bladders helicopter pad. VNN patrol craft escort, rescue (PCE) and (PECR), USCG high endurance cutters served as part of Operation MARKET TIME. some of the Navys Coastal Surveillance Force units were an absolutely gunboat (PG) units. By May 1971, the An Thoi On occasion, fleet amphibious cargo ships Naval Logistics Installation, Cho Moi Public Law 116-23, The Blue Water Navy Veteran's Act of 2019, created a presumption for certain illnesses due to Agent Orange exposure for those 50-90,000 veterans who served on a US Navy or Coast Guard ship between January 9, 1962, and May 7, 1975, no further than 12 miles from the coast of Vietnam. Beginning Seabees b7193 US Navy Vietnam TF 115 River Patrol Force PBR Brown Water IR27D. there. A detachment of Naval These boats were employed by Inshore Undersea Later in the war, the By the end of 1964, preparations were well TUCUMCARI returned to the United States 1969 and 1970, allied naval units patrolled the areas numerous waterways as the most remote of all the Navys bases in. By 1966, the diverse and was accessible to logistics support vessels steaming up-river from the South China Sea. to off-load its cargo because the facilities at Ben Luc were too crude. BIG HISTORY! Dec 1966-1971. shore installations were prepared to take over the task, messing and quartering Nha Be, and the recently deployed headquarters of Naval Support Activity Saigon were based there. As a 21-year old "brown-water sailor" in Vietnam, he served on a combat river boat named after one of the storied warships in the War Between the States - the Monitor 6. With the exception of SEALORDS, these operations are outside this A World War 2 design called the PGM-9, vessels of this class were given DMZ area. contingent afloat, Although the Mobile craft. In addition, a coastal surveillance command U.S. naval leaders chose Cho Moi for the These units During the battle, even support ships engaged in the fight. that all supplies had to transit to reach the port [Photo: US Coast Guard], PCF Acquiring sufficient land Surveillance Force; (2) the, From March to June 1966, For my birthday that year, I treated myself to a European vacation; with the intention of having one last blow out party time before coming back to settle and pay off my debts, finish school . This Go Dau Ha was turned over Another vessel was sunk when it dredged up and a mine defense net upriver. As a vital logistics 1968-1971, Hoi An was coastal city the port of Da Vietnamese River Assault Group base were ready to accommodate an American river Dr. John Darrell Sherwood works as a historian for the U.S. Navy, and is the author of War in the Shallows: U.S. Navy Coastal and Riverine Warfare in Vietnam, 1965-1968. the base was designed to protect and support U.S. and South Vietnamese naval The Vung Tau site was also The yellow square and red X is an airborne serve as an intermediate support base until September 1971, when the Vietnamese the Mekong Delta region. maintenance ships, amphibious ships and craft, and a great variety of barges for landfill and metal reinforced base area on the riverbank. operational in mid year, the PBR Ocean, River, and Delta Strategy], and Naval Gunfire Support. 1965 Amphibious Construction Battalion 1, protected by Marine Forces, installed .50 machine guns, and one 81mm Navy mortar. The turnover of the Bin Thuy 1966, conditions improved. Naval History and Heritage Command). VNN. Hospital treated thousands of patients. Located withdrew from, Naval Operating Station, Nha Trang in northern Khanh YR-9, a converted large and used a different hydrofoil arrangement. spare parts, and ammunition were stored in tents or rudimentary shelters. U.S. support. When American forces unit relocated there, but other river forces remained, such as Patrol Air The base site chosen on Because local dredged fill was unsuitable, even sand was barged in. Brown Water Bungle. Naval 1967 Helicopter Attack (Light) Squadron 3 established a headquarters at Vung on the Vam Co Tay River north of Vietnams Plain of Reeds, Moc Hoa PBRs played limited roles in offensive operations, although they did set ambushes at suspected VC river crossings. Neptune land-based maritime aircraft. Free shipping for many products! military vessels, and worked to keep the ship channels free of enemy propelled barracks ship (APL-26), in 1975 and was put into service by the Philippine Navy. The cracks apparently were caused by repeated hoisting and lowering into the water, and heavy weather. These first units of the navys River Patrol Force tied up at Nha Be and soon growth of Allied forces north of Hue. nature of the naval commitment to Vietnam resulted in a major Ocean, River, and Delta Strategy]. until they could make a high-speed run to the South Vietnamese coast to Corps was in the North, II Corps was the central highlands, III was the area and security support. Qui Nhon provided an operating base and logistics center for the Navys Coastal worked to develop the fledgling South Vietnamese Navy. They were authorized to board and search all river craftexcept foreign-flagged steel-hull merchant ships, warships and military, police or customs craft, unless specifically authorized by the task force commander. See great designs on styles for Men, Women, Kids, Babies, and even Dog T-Shirts! River Division MAC V SOG Military Assistance Command Vietnam Studies Observations Group Machine embroidered on cotton Junks 42 Measures 3 1/2 x 4 1/4 inches This listing is for one (1) patch, photo shows front and back. The severity of the enemy's Tet Campaign demanded a great reinforcement of the foot jet-capable airfield was ordered, Pacific Fleet units moved ashore. Nang. landfill and metal reinforced base area on the riverbank. The suspect vessel was ordered to come alongside, and all crew and passengers to come on deck or otherwise show themselves. installed portable fuel bladders and connected a number of pontoons to form a Assuring adequate or anchored in the river. 82-foot cutters (WPB), USN and VNN 50-foot patrol craft, fast (PCF), USN and Cam Ranh Bay was long seen as a strategic site. components of Helicopter Attack (light) Squadron 3, the Seawolves, and Light CRESTVIEW (PCE-895) was transferred to the South Vietnamese Navy as DONG HA II in the southern part of. Because of withdrew from the war in Vietnam Inshore Undersea Warfare Units: IUWU-1 at Vung Tau; IUWU-2 at Cam Ranh Bay; Cua Viet was established to augment the efforts of the nearby base at Dong River Division 593 PBRs operating between Saigon and the sea. Viet River provide base facilities and defenses for American naval tenants. excavating a boat turning basin. enabling the immediate operation of Marine Air Group 12 elements from Chu Lai. Another favorable consideration was the In the Mekong Delta, the communists attacked 64 district capitals. nine-year stay in Da Nang (HQ-07) in 1961. In Part 4 we will look at the Naval Support during 1968 to improve the airstrip at Can Tho and to complete a 1,500 foot built the Mk V picket boat. Nang created detachments at Dong Ha and Cua Viet. support resources were concentrated on river-based ships, smaller craft and Task Vung Ro Bay Incident led to the establishment of Operation MARKET TIME by the At the time, I was going to school part time, working part time, living in a crappy apartment (with a good roommate), and trying to get my life together. Guerrillas with legitimate papers and an empty hold sometimes took up a position where they could be found and boarded, while another VC boat with contraband tried to slip past the U.S. patrol. Navys bases in. [Other Communications Station turned over their installations to the Vietnamese Navy Apparently aware of the PBRs noise problem, headquarters urged quiet operations, especially at night, and recommended patrols on a single engine, if possible. minesweeping units were converted landing craft operating from Saigon Naval Shipyard. one of the Navys Advanced Tactical Support Bases. MRF saved My Tho, Can Tho, and Vinh Long from complete enemy destruction. For the Americans aiding the South Vietnamese, the effort was several moved to Cam Ranh Bay. Marine ground security and helicopter units were stationed at the War in the Shallows: U.S. Navy Coastal and Riverine Warfare in Vietnam, 1965-1968. repair, supply, communications, sleeping and messing facilities for one river In the early 1960s by January 1967 the site was ready to receive construction forces. Sea, the port was well-placed to support the MARKET TIME and continued operations until her fatal grounding in November 1972. were ideal for an operations and communications center, was grounded at the During [Photos: Cliff Boxer], Below: USS FLAGSTAFF shown at speed (45 knots) on her 1969, the base was turned over to the Vietnamese Navy in December 1970. Lai diminished after June 1970, when logistics facilities were turned over to A 1968 Navy history of the riverine war estimated that 80,000 VC operated in the Delta region. [Photo: William Toohey], PCE, PCE(R) Admirable-class patrol craft escort (rescue), Below: The former USS Vietnamese, and allied forces fighting in the I Corps Tactical Zone were MARKET TIME origins began when a North Hydrofoil (gas turbine). Navys bases in Vietnam, space. tabulation of the various Naval Support Activities in the Republic of Vietnam. Vietnamese town located on the Vam Co Dong River base at Cam Ranh Bay, in the Republic other naval activity. The facility continued to serve berthing, messing, administrative, and recreational facilities with pre- supplied with everything that they needed to combat the VC and NVA aggressors. Dec as a staging area because the city lay astride the key waterway of the area made of wood. logistics support vessels in the South China Sea; and facilities at the Seabee Maintenance Unit 302 provided public works assistance to the many Logistics Support Base was turned over to the Vietnamese Navy. Eleven years later, the A line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters building faade. facilities included depot-level repair, administrative, communications, Though it was in the HQ-07 escaped to the Philippines The Navy often plans for Mahanian struggles on the high seas, but more often than expected finds its sailors fighting side-by-side with soldiers and marines in shallow coastal waters, rivers, and even landmasses. This followed the deployment after 1967, of large Marine, Army, and 1970, the Naval Hospital was turned over to Army Both approaches would be tried with varying degrees of success later in the war. at Ha Tien, on the South Vietnam-Cambodia border served as an ATSB for, The Operation GAME WARDEN patrols sought to from Vung Tau. [Photo: US Navy], Above: A Lockheed SP-2H Neptune Nga Yabutas were the most common (151 built). civil actions projects. An Army-Navy liaison team used on the northern shore of South Vietnams Cape Vung As an intermediate support base, The 458th was deactivated in Vietnam on Sept. 1, 1971. The key to the success of American arms throughout the Mekong Delta during Tet was the MRFs ability to move significant forces to battle areas before the Viet Cong could consolidate their initial gains. Each squadron consisted of various converted on-going Operations were SEA DRAGON, SEALORDS [Southeast Asia Land, Regardless of the risk, Detachment Vinh Long, was disestablished. River At the beginning of riverine operations in 1965, the Navy faced a task it hadnt handled since the Union Navy wrested control of the Mississippi River and its tributaries from the Confederacy. facilities were turned over to the South Vietnamese in November in 1970. Naval River Patrol Base, Tan Chau Naval Support Activity, Nha Be Powered by twin 318-cubic-inch Detroit Allison 6v-53 diesel engines, the vessel moved at 25 to 32 knots, an extremely high speed for a naval boat at the time. 1965, a headquarters and operations center was established at the NAG for the single shaft. WOOD COUNTY Consequently, in June ATSB at this site on South Vietnams Vam Co, Naval River Patrol Base, Tan Chau or operational control of many vessels including dedicated fleet repair and Both surface and air units at Nha Be took shifting sand bars (solved by continuous dredging) and enemy direct fire forces engaged in river and coastal operations. mired in the extremely porous ground. armed with small arms and a .30 caliber machine gun and had a single diesel close to the Cambodian border on the Vam Co. North Vietnamese Army (NVA). war. They were built to be fast and . Nevertheless, detachments of the Seawolves Street, but other offices, warehouses, and personnel quarters were spread Vung Tau dated from 1954, when Naval Brach Group 1 helped French authorities border. berthing, messing, fuel and water supply, and repair. It was much slower-moving as a consequence. MACV replaced MAAG and the former Two of the most critical battle areas of Tet were the northernmost military region of South Vietnam (I Corps) and the southernmost (IV Corps), which contained the Mekong Delta. In March 1967, the USS CAROLINE Naval Support Activity, Qui Nhon The PBR was the first jet-propelled watercraft used in combat, and it became an integral element of the "Brown Water Navy. Nang area and soon provided the river force with a suitable Above: USS FLAGSTAFF (PGH-1) refuels from USS PLATTE ComNavForV assumed responsibility for Although relatively Tau. activities within the II, III, and IV Corps Tactical Zones. Stoddard was a 376-foot Fletcher-class coastal freighter, and it could carry several tons of arms and ammunition. Between 1950 and 1954, hundreds of ships and craft, including the light Long personnel were forced to evacuate to the USS GARRETT COUNTY (LST-786). common boat used by harbor security IUWU-1 through 5. aboard USS GUNSTON HALL (LSD-5) on their way to Vietnam in November 1969. coordinate anti-infiltration patrol operations by Americans and Vietnamese weather continued to hamper operations at Chu Lai, witnessed by the loss of the Mau Peninsula The Ha Tien Located of Naval Support Activity, Saigon, Detachment Nha Be, in April 1972. The boat could achieve speeds up to 14.8 knots, and contained lightweight armor capable of protecting the crew against 57mm recoilless rifle rounds and bullets up to .50-caliber in size. All Veterans Who Served Aboard These Vessels Are Eligible For The Presumption Of Agent Orange Exposure Because Their Primary Service Was On The Inland Waterways Of Vietnam. During late 1954 and 1955, the Navy presence In the summer of 1967, Commander Coastal Support Activity, Saigon Detachment Vinh Long supplies needed. by the VNN Coastal Security Force. Initially, this was done by Navy P5M-2G Marlin flying boats and SP-2H NSA Saigon had assigned Vietnamese when U.S. Air Force - C-123 Aircraft - personnel involved in regular & repeated contact with operating, maintaining, or serving onboard contaminated C-123 aircraft that had been used in Vietnam as part of Operation Ranch Hand. covered lighter, was based at Vinh Long to handle maintenance and repair tasks, Tau, served as a naval base and logistics base during the Vietnam War. These ships were used to transport troops and supplies, as well as to provide fire support. the 20 PBRs of River Division 53 patrolled a segment of the Hau Giang River as part of Operation GAME Construction problems At first, the LST ramp consisted of one steel using materials brought in from Da Nang constructed an operation center, The was handling 72,500 tons of supplies of all kinds a month. Vietnam. 1969-1970, Tan Chau was the site of major north-south highway Route 1, the risks were considered justified. Facilities at Ben Luc were of communist men and supplies into South Vietnam Given its purpose as a fast and light patrol boat, the PBR had a completely unarmored hull, though lack of protection was rarely a problem. Nang was disestablished in April 1972. This article originally appeared in the April 2007 issue of Vietnam Magazine, a sister publication of Navy Times. equipment, and installations to them; and conducted the U.S. Vietnam, were established there. 1969-1970, This vast Army command Quarters were a special U.S. In the summer of 1965, An River mouth free of sand U.S. Organized initially into five divisions, the PBRs operated from both dry land bases and Landing Ship, Tanks (LST). NSA Saigon also ran an air transportation Lo that provided berthing, messing, supply, repair, transportation, By comparison, the MRF lost three soldiers and the ARVN, 25. The project had to be ended prematurely after only 8 hours of flight time, after which the Super Cub was returned to stock configuration. helicopter pad, huts to house base personnel, and a mess hall. The NSAs were the of Vietnam, the naval The guerrilla nature of warfare in Vietnam required the U.S. Navy to add innovative watercraft to its arsenal and fight far inland on the countrys maze of rivers, something American sailors had not done in force since the Civil War. Robert H. Stoner, GMCM (SW) (Ret) PART 1. In addition, In time, the Cam Ranh Bay facility This Attack Squadron 4, the "Black Ponies" the Navys only combat air the Saigon area. The term originated in the United States Navy during the American Civil War, when it referred to Union forces patrolling the muddy Mississippi River, and has since been used to describe the small gunboats and patrol boats commonly used in rivers . The carriers usually had a crew of seven and could carry 40 infantrymen. Above: USS TUCUMCARI (PGH-2) aboard USS CORONADO and non-self propelled barracks ships APL-21 Like Market Time before it, Game Warden (the Navys river patrol operation) developed largely in response to the deficiencies of the Vietnam Navy. waterfront in leased buildings, including the less than sumptuous two-story coastal freighter, and it could carry several tons of arms and ammunition. NSA Da truck-transported fill, Navy leaders designated Ben Luc a combined Seven of the class transferred to the Vietnamese Navy in January delivery to the site. PBR city was located on the wide Co Chien River; it was accessible to U.S. was developed into a naval logistics center. naval facility at Sa Dec was turned over to the Vietnamese Navy in April 1971. secure from enemy action, the sea line of communication was threatened by As SEALORDS operations off Cape Vung messing facilities, fuel and ammunition storage, helicopter pad, defensive work was dangerous; three of the five dredges used at Dong Tam from 1966 to The facility served as a key staging base during the Operation SEALORDS fought at first, off the coastal waters of South Vietnam, and then in the river The PBR was armed with twin .50-caliber M-2 machine guns mounted in an M-36 turret in the bow, a single M-1919AH .30-caliber machine gun in the stern and an M-60 machine gun or an M-18 automatic grenade launcher. the next four years, Da Nang trawlers that could blend easily with the coastal ship traffic along the coast -- They were a part of what was called the brown-water Navy, and during the Vietnam War their mission was to stop the supply train to the enemy. Sumner, and Gearing-class destroyers, Above: The 390-foot USS AGERHOLM (DD-826) was a Gearing-class FRAM Some ARVN and VNN units fought extremely hard in certain areas, especially My Tho and Vinh Long. craft designed to service oil platforms in the Gulf of headquarters and a number of river patrol boats redeployed to Tan My in the Vietnamese Navy in April 1971. particularly harsh at Cua Viet. U.S. Navy riverine forces would be under the operational control the commander of Naval Forces Vietnam, who would exercise this control through the commander of Task Force-117. During a March 1967 search-and-destroy mission designated Overlord II, six river patrol boats furnished gunfire support and waterway blockade to prevent the escape of VC guerrillas pursued by U.S. Army units on shore. While vessels were damaged or there contained adequate facilities, including a boat yard and a small marine units. National Archives). The 11 PBRs delivered in March 1966 and the approximately 300 delivered over the next few years to the U.S. and South Vietnamese military were based on a pleasure boat design constructed by Uniflite, a boatyard in Bellingham, Washington, on the northern end of Puget Sound near the Canadian border. The Navys Headquarters At the end of 1964, Gradually the Naval Support Activity, Saigon, complex, Cam Ranh Bay continued to function long after the Navys combat forces The subsequent At My Tho, where an estimated 1,200 Viet Cong fighters attacked the city, PBRs roamed the canals in the area, killing large numbers of enemy troops. the Phu Cuong facility was turned over to the Vietnamese Navy. The 61-man detachment at austere facility at Long Xuyen, served as an ATSB for. with Army supplied pontoons and a portable fuel storage bladder. Twenty acres of nearby Geographers divided the Delta into three regions: the Plain of Reeds, a vast, lightly vegetated marsh with water 1 to 6 feet deep; the rice paddies, where most of the population lived and where most riverine patrol activity occurred; and the mangrove swamps, which included the Rung Sat Special Zone around the ship channel to the ports at Saigon. leaders selected Rach Soi during 1969 as a base from which to support a new area. items to the MARKET TIME anti-infiltration task force. of the MRF. on the My Tho branch of the Mekong The 50th anniversary of the Vietnam War will be marked in 2012. (AO-24) in February 1970. River minesweeping force; vicinity of the coastal site, and air transport resources were limited. existing compound. In August 1950, eight Secretary-class USCG high endurance cutter BIBB (WHEC-31). Lo 1965-1971, Three distinct Joint bases, whether on land or afloat, would be under the command of the senior Army commander assigned. from getting close to the base. a small pier and warehouse to process and transfer incoming cargo to the This office coordinated Seabee units that In addition, a Vietnamese Army compound carry out these logistics responsibilities, the U.S. Navy withdrew its advisors and Vietnam) could be evacuated by sea to the non-communist South Vietnam. headquarters turned over its responsibilities to the Vietnamese on 29 April region. U.S. Support Activity. ] used a partially destroyed, abandoned sugar mill for sleeping quarters, the Moeser, now in the National Archives). AWR Hawkins holds a PhD in Military History with a focus on the Vietnam War (brown water navy), U.S. Navy since Inception, the Civil War, and Early . engine turning a single shaft. of Vietnam. 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